Apparatus for treating ores.



I. A. BRADDOK. APPARATUS FOR TREATING ORES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 18. 1910.

Patented Apr. 4, 1911.

2 SHEETS-Sarina' 1.

I. A.`BRADDOCK. Y APPARTUS FOR TREATING ORES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 18. 1910.

Patented Apr. 4, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Ima/c B Y MJ E n I. I Il! Il inw "Q IsAAoA. AnaAnnocir, or HADDONFIELD, Naw massa, AssIGNon ono'NnL'snrTH ,To I WILLIAM vc. conn,4 or BALTIMORE, MAnYLANnANn/,onnsrxrn To NIcHoLAs A.

KESTLER AND ONE-SIXTH To DAVID n. ANTHONY, or WASHINGTON, DIsTnIcT or4 To all whom it' may chcem:

i COLUMBIA.

' Be it known thatI, ISAAC A. BRAnDocK,

e residing "at Haddo'nlield, in the county of Camden and State ofy New Jersey, have inventedl certain new and useful Improvements in Aplparatus for Treating Ores, of which` ...the fo l owingis a specification. Iny the treatment of metalliferousores, par# 4ticularly those' bearing precious metals, the

crude Iore as mined is either first roasted (if it be a sulfid ore) ory passed through crushers to. break the ore into small partlcles, after which the same isfurther crushed or pulver-A ized, usually in the resence of water .to dissolve 1 out the solub e impurities andcause the heavier "metal particles I to precipitate; The crushed ore thus'treate'd with water is passed over 'amal amators', separatingv tables l or into chemical aths,de ending upon the= nature of the oreand the esired iinalprod-y 4fuctj. Inother wordsl,the crushed and owloften, results lddgging dered ore has the values separated there rom '-elther by mechanical means, chemical means- -electro-chemical means, or a combination o alll of these means, dependinguponthe na- ,ture of thematerials to be obtained. I

.In those processes inV which'the crushed or pulverizifd ore is treated with water-theprecipitate y is usually the richest in ore values, although-a' large part of the ore passes off with the slime and is usually lost.

am aware, however, that means have heretofore been suggested '-for recovering the l values from slimes `resultant in thewet treat-V ment of ores, but the expense of such p'rocesses' has usually been .so high as to preclude Further more `the use of -water in crushing mills the 'mill .and otherwise impedingthe operation' thereof.'4

Therefore it is one ofthe prime objects of .my 'invention `to provide a1 means :whereby the ores ,to be treated may have their water of, crystallization and volatile l"products removedat racticallyone and the same time, and then, e'liveredas .hot dry powder into a bath of suitable material for the separation 4of the one. values to be recovered without introducing steam or water to the 'oresI prior to their introduction to the solvent or bath. j -It 1s-a further object y.of m invention to produce' anapparatus in whic `the .ores may be -roasted,i

,suchr reastingfi's desired, and

ArPARATus ron TREATING onus.,

' i, Patented Apr; 4,-'.1911.

in. 'which the ores, by a ombihed 'retess of,y

heating and crushing, are 'pow ered and .dried prior to' their introduction into the treating bath. I' i Agaimit 4is the object of my inventionto Vprovide zin-apparatus in which the heat of the ore dust stream will maintain the temperature of vthe solventorbath up at adenite degree to assist the .chemical re-actions; and

whereby the hot ore stream (usually at a-4 temperature of5( )0`) may be cooledljustlas 1t enters'the solvent'container by the'admission' ofV air tothel stream.` in quantlties' as may be necessary to prevent the temperature ofthe solvent or bath rising above" a pre- 'determined degree,- (usually` 212 E),

I furthermore provide an apparatus in which the "hot blast, draft or stream servesA 4 as the vehiclefor dcliveringt-he lredijicedand pulverized lhot lore into the solvent bath.

Again, in practice, valuable ore deposits are found in remotamcuntainous regions,

sometimes many miles from the usual modern facilities of transportation. IIhisis principall true in the southwestern part of the Unite Statesand in-Mexico, as well as 'in .the Klondi exregion.- If this ore could be treated at he mine and the ore yalues extracted at that place, even the mining of low grade o'res would prove profitable. Attempts have heretofore been made to do this, but the reat ditliculty encountered 1n practice has heen to convey' the necessary machinery, such as crushing mills, pulver- -izers, se ara-tors, tanks, furnaces, etc., to the desired ocation. In the farthest regions of Mexicoand the southwestern part of the United States the burro is the .principle means of conveyance. This animal will usually carry a load of about 200 to 250 pounds, if properl packed on itsbask, yet 1t has been fun' practically imposslbleto transport the Anecessary machinery up steep and narrow mountain trails on burros, as must be do'ne to reach alarge number of otherwise valuable mines, owing to the fact that the v machines at resent4 on the marketl cannot, so .far as am aware be dismantled,

knocked-down4 or separated into sulivciently-small units to bring their weightbelow `the maximum burden carrying capacity of a' burro.`

It is therefore anotherobject of my inven--' o by the volatile contents 'of-.the'oie is driven .olf to cause 4the ore to decrepitateor become porous so that in-dropping it, will.be'pul' 2Q y i '988,431

to provide ali-.apparatus that may bev economically` constructed at the place where itis to be used from material available at such. place, or thatjxnay be readilyconveyedl to the ioeality lby burros, or other vpack animals# n n Generi'cally, myinventionresides in prollvidin a, combined heating, reducing and crushmg'mill' or container, and a solvent container constructed of metal hoops,bands or strip's,whichl support a covering 'of bands,4

v'of woven wirenetting, the same being "roi ter, `cement or otherwise, into the 'inner lin- 5 in'of the apparatus.

tected on' the'outside and 'insideby a wa of.

cement, concret'eclay or other like substance, i

fand having furtheron the inside the'crushing-element (rocks which may be of the same ore that undergoes treatment, but preferably rocks ofa harder' material) 'which crushing elements' 'are set 'by concrete, plasy invention alsoresldes in providingan ore' treating receptacle of spherical formaf tion' within, orv vhaving an' mner chamber A25,- elongated and terminatinginherriispherical. ends in which the inlet and outlet openings,

' arelmade's'o that as the container. is turned on its axis (which 'runs from the inlet to the outlet) 4the moving material will rebound -to 30 ward a central focal ,point or position, and

be prevented fromjnmpin'g outof the-con- 'tainer throu ht-he' openings therein, the f receptacle havlng longitudinal lifting arti#` tions to carry the ore around the'centra axis and drop it on the bottom "of the receptacle.

In addition to the foregoing', my invention -further resides in provid1ng'anapparatus in-which`the large 'ore cll'unks'dlrect from the mi'ne may be introduced,llited andy dropped through a hot' blast orf draft, whereverized by contact with the crushe'r linin .of the container and may be further crushe by vthe larger harder particlescof orein rolling and tumbling in -the container or mill.

yto

' leo My invention alsoprovides means within lthe 'container -whereby'the ore may be lifted as the container is rotated on its a'xis'a'nd Adropped from near the upper region of the container .onto the bottom below in such manner that the 4rebounding tendency of the ore will be toward the center of the con-- 4tit'i't'ainerrather than toward4 the openings in the ends and thus the materialv within the container will Anot prematurely leave the same.' 3 In my apparatus, also the ore ini-droppin passes through. the hot draft or stream,

thereby causing the inely'divided' particles' to be carriedout of the` container 1n which the heating and crushing operation takes place, and passed while hot into a receptacle containing the desired chemicals 'for the the solvent constantor practica sist in effecting the reduction before the o're stream entersuthe solution container.

" VThis apparatus isespecially designed for use in carrying out the -process which forms the subject-matter of my co-pending appli- "cation filed June 18, -1910, Ser. No. 567 ,57 3.

AIn this application I make no claim, per

se, to the "reinforced concrete structure as such herein descrlbed, as suchl forms the subn ject matter of my divisional'application filed a Other 'objects of m invention will be-'ap. j parent to those skille in thel art and the invention also resides in those' novel details of,l

construction, combination-andarrangement whichwill be first'fully describedthen be 4 "90 specifically p.ointed,out in the. appended` claims, -nd illustra-ted'inftheaecompanying 'Figures 1 and-2 are perspective viewsilllisi "tia'ting thev method f'of construction of thel shell or casing' of the receptacle, mill or s'oluv tion container.V Fig. 3,;is adetail sectional' perspective View of a part; ofthe com leted structure. .Fig.'4, is acentral'vertical Ongi#` tudinal- 'section of' my tc'omplitf apparatus' designed,l for .usein connection with liquid fu'eL Fig.. 5,1 is across section 'on the ,line' i. `5f5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6, is a central vertical" `longitudinal section showing the arrange 'ment of parts whenbrush wood, ortherl similar `fuel is used. Fi1g.'7, is a cross'section on the line' 7-7 of tig. 4.'

suitable -mandrel (when,4 my invention is 'to be constructed at the mines the mandrel may 'be' the trunk of a tree, or any other suitable thing that comes handy) and provide a set.

In constructing my apparatus I- take` a of-hoops, rods, wires or bands 2 bent into therequired'shape and lace them 'onthemandrel, as is indicated 1n Fig.'` 1 of the drawings,"

tying'the same together by tie wires 3 where' ever the hoops, etc., cross, with the ends P4 of the tie' wires projecting inwardly. A

suilicient numberof` hoops,-etc 2 (hereinafter termed the frames )'lare' used to rafford `the desired strength and' support, upon which the frame cover 5 is wound. The cover' 5 consists preferably of a bandor ,strap `of woven'wnze wound onto the frame, as'shown .in Fig. 2 of the drawings, in a' mannerf similar to. the way in which a ball 5 isftied together where desired, by tie wires 6 whose- 'ends may' also project inwardly. The mouths of thejcontainerare formed of of cord is woundaround a stick. The cover I tied, and after the coverin against which the ore is droppedor pounded t aeeaav a double'thiekness of woven wire 7 wound around the mandrel 1, and tied to the body portion by the wires 8. n

After the frames 2 have been set up andF wound on and after the mout tubes 7 have been wired in place, the mandrel l is removed in any desired way. When the mandrel is the trunk'of a tree and it cannot be pulled out endw'ise, it` may be burned out,1f desired. An outer covering 9 of cement, plaster, or a mixture of cement and asbestos, or the like is placed on the frame covering 5 to a suitable thickness and a lining 10 -is placed within the retort, which lining 10 is preferably thicker than the-covering 9. I-he covering 9 and lining 1() form an outer and an inner wallk for the container` and are united as an integral mass by the cement which passes through the interstices of the frame 2 and the frame covering 5 thus form'- ing an integral vstructure 4of the frames 2, cover 5 and-walls 9 and 10. The wire 7 is .also covered and lined at 11-and-12 cover and lining of the same material vas used for the cover 9 and lining 10 ofthe container proper. An inner linlnr 13 of rocks of'any hard material such as int, etc. (or when such material'is not available, rocks of the ore to be treated may be used) is provided by cementing the rocks 13 to the inner wall l0 of ,the container, the ends 4 of the y tie wires serving as final bindingelements toI assist in holding the rocks in place. These rocks form the crushers or crushing' surface to effect its pulverization in a manner more clearly set orth hereinafter. I

Suitable longitudinal partitions 14 are be formed of frames 15 of woven wire suitably tied at 16, to the frame 2 and covered with a coating of cement or the like. The -partitions 14 terminate short of the central axis 'of the apparatus to leave a central free for uninterrupted passage from the inlet 18 to the outlet 19 of the container (see Fi 4). It will be observed that the entrant an exit ends 21 and 22of the container are of hemispherical Aform or shape `for a purpose hereinafter elucidated.

. The retort is mounted on a suitablecradle or otherconvenient means, formed byrellers 23 `suitably supported. at 24, and the containermay be turned in any desired manner, as for example, by rollers 25 on a'shaft 26.vl that is mounted in bearings 27 and is driven b sourcewo `'power not shown).

5 has been' by a provided within the contamer'and these may a pulle .-28 from any convenient.

the Crusher lining 13l of ore is preferably omitted. The construction of both containers --731 is the same, excepting that I refer to make the crushing container 30 o an elongated structure, while the solution con. 7'0

tice, the outlet 19 of the first "container 30 80 and the inlet 33 of thesecond containe'l` 31 are heldin .close juxtaposition, they being spaced slightly apart, however, to leave an au' inlet passage 35 between the two containers the volumn of bythe slidable collar 36. The solution 37 may be introduced into the container 31 in any desired manner, preferably by a pipe 38' which is jointed at 39 to be swung out of the way when thecontainer 31 is to be rolled 90` away from the 'container 30.

Vhen the invention is to be used with .powdered fuel, coal, coke or wood and brush, I arrange the ap aratus somewhat as indicated in Fig. 6 of tie drawings, by ref- 95 @rence to whichl it Will be observed that the fuel 40 is introducedl into the container and fa blower 41 of any approved type is provided to create the nessary draft. A suitable frame or support 42 is provided vwhich 10'0 may be used eit er as a convenient means on whichthe ore maybe introduced into the container or it may be used as a grate for cord wood, when such is used for fuel.

In operation when it is desired that my inventior be used in the treatment of ores bearingv precious metals, the ore is introduced into the container 30 and the fuel ignited to raise the container 30'to about. 500 F. when possible, to use a liquid fuel burner or a burner that will produce a Haine somewhat of the type indicated `in the drawin whereby the Icentral passage from the inlogt to the outlet will be the heat zone. the fuel has been ignited to produce the heat zone, the container 30 is set in motion to turn it on its horizontal axis, thus causing -thev partitions 14 to lift the ore 43 and drop blast flame whereby the 129 it through-the hot temperature of the :ore `will be. raised to a high degree, namely, -about 500 F. and

thus causel its water of crystallization to be 32 at right angles to 76 which maybe regulatedL 85 i temperature within the I prefer,

After 1 1 5 lfdriven oil' and also cause those volatile prod- In `:the use of. Inl apparatus as anoref re covering plant two' Vcontainers .3Q-'31 vare provided, one of which 30, forms the crushmg, drying and desulfu'rizing and heating wcontainer and the other 31 serving `as the 65 i solution container. In the solution container ucts contained in the ore to be separated so that when it contacts the bottom of the container it will be broken and 'crumbled the v breaking and crumbling action is also assisted bythe rolling and tuinblingof the ore within the container during its move- .ments, the heavier and. lesser heated ores serving to assist in crushing the softer particles untill the ore isv reduced to a fine powder or dust. The yforce of the heated blast serves to cause the crushed particles of ore to gradually work toward the outlet 19 of the coiitainer'and as soonas the ores have beencrushed line enough the heated blast will carry the ore yparticles through the outlet 19in-to the second container 31 where the hot ore particles are deposited into the solvent. The container 31 being provided vwith partitions 44 will serve to agitate the solution Vwithin the container 31 and as the hotl ore particles are directly deposited in such solution the temperature within the container 3l will be maintained at the desired degree. =The air open-ing between the l containers and 31 is so regulated that the` temperature within the container 31 will be about 200 or 212D F. so .as'toprevent the boiling of-the solvent and yet allow sufticient heat to assist the. chemical re-action.

As soon as a sufficient quantity of ore is deposited in the solution in the container 31 the same is rolled away and another container rolled into place in lieu of the one rolled away. The container containing the ore in solution that has been rolled away is taken to a suitable opening over a discharge pipe and inverted to discharge thev contents of the container which are then subjected to forced percolation by steam or vacuum and' the values extracted, preferably while hot.

As soon as the cont-ents of the container have been removed the containerwill be ready to be used again as soon as desired. The ore values are recovered from the solvent after` it has been removed from the container 81 in the usual way. l

While. my apparatus is particularly adapt edfor use in the treatment of ores hearing l? precious metals and the like, it may with slight modifications, that will be 'obvious to those skilled in the art, be used in the manufacture of cement, or for' other purposes than those described and .I do not wish it i, the dropped'o're or liquids will be toward the centerjof the container and hence the contents of the same will not jump out. The `f` y\;speed at v'which the containers are turned on their axiswill dependfupon the conditions met with in practice, a slow turning, however, being suicient to effect the results desired under ordinary conditions.

- From the `foregoing taken in yconnection* and'I4 desire itunderstood that I do not limit inyselftothe precise details `of con-I struction herein-describedand disclosed in the art to which the invention appertains y thegdrawings and slight changes and -modi- .j

ii'cations may be made to adapt the invention to its various uses without departing from the spirit'of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is: 1. j

1, An apparatus '.of the class'. described comprising a container including a b'ody having heinispherical ends4 and provide-d with an inlet and an outlet at said ends, vand longitudinal partitions within said body to lift the contents of the body, and means for turning said body on a horizontal axis.

2. In an apparatus of the character described, a container, having an inletand an outlet, a receptacle having an inlet adjacent to the outlet of said container, means for simultaneously heating and 'pulverizingjore within said container and then delivering .the hot pulverized ore from'said container into said receptacle, and means,v for/admitting airto the heated stream as it passes from the container into thercceptacle to maintain a constant temperature within said receptacle.

3. "An vapparatus of the `character described composed of a body .having hemispherical ends provided with openings forming an inlet and an outlet, meansfor providing a hot blast stream from the inlet ,to the outlet, and means for lifting the contents of said body and dropping them' through said stream.

4t. An lapparatus of the'v characXter dev scribed, a container having a Crusher lining, l means for 'dropping and tumbling ore within the said lcontainer, against said lining, said container having an outlet, a receptacle having aninlet in alinement with the outlet of said container, means lfor admitting air between said container, and said `re-v.

ceptacle lto `enter said receptacle, and a single means within said'l container for sin'iultane-- veying the crushed and dried yorefrom said tainer.

` said blast said blast serving to deliver the ously heating and drying said orewhile it is being dropped and tumbled and then conY container in said receptacle. l'

6. In arrapparatus of the character described, a container having a crnsher lining, means for dropping and tumbling ore within said container against said lining, and a single means for simultaneously heat-V ing and drying `said ore While it is being dropped and tumbled and then conveying the crushed and dried ore from said con- 7. In an apparatus .of the class described, a first and a second container, each having an inlet and an outlet, the outlet of the first container being held to deliver into the inlet of the' second container, means for producing a hot-blast from the inlethto the outlet of the first container, and means for` lifting orel around said blast land dropping-it through pulverized ore from said first into said second container.

8. In an apparatus of the class described, a first and a second container, each having an inletand an outlet, the outlet of the first container being held to deliver into the inlet of the'second container, means for producing a hot lblast from the inlet to the outlet of the first container, means ,for lifting ore aroundv said blast and dropping it through said blast, said container including means for causing the dropping ore to rebound to- Ward the center of the container.

9. In an apparatus of thevclass described, a first and a second container,l each having an inlet and an outlet, the outlet of-the first container being held to deliver into the inlet of the second container, means for producing a hot blast from the inlet to the outlet of the first container, means for lifting ore around said blast and dropping' it through said blast, said blast serving to deliver the finely crushed ore from said first container into said ysecond container, and means in said second container for retaining the ore so delivered. a

10. In an apparatus of the class described, a first'and a second container, each having an inlet and an outlet, the outlet of the first container being held to deliver into the inlet of. the second container, means for producing a hot blast from the inlet to the outlet of the first container, means for lifting ore around said' blast and dropping it through said blast, said container including means for causing 4the dropping ore to re-bound to- Ward the center of the container, said blast serving to deliver the finely .crushed ore from said first container into said second container, and means in said second container for retaining the ore so delivered.

11. In an apparatus of the character dei through said blast to be scribed, a container having, an inlet and anA outlet, means for establishing a hot blast `from the inlet to the outlet of said container, ireans within said container for liftin f ore around said vblast and dropping it through said blast to be 4heated and dried thereby, said container including a crusher lining on which said ore is dropped. i

12. In an apparatus of the character described,ja containerhavinv an inlet and an outlet,.means for establis ing a 'hot blast from the inlet to the outlet ymeans lWithin said container for lifting ore around said blast and dropping it through said blast to be heated and dried thereb sald container including means causing said dropped ore" to re-bound toward thecenter of sind container and away from the. inlet and outlet thereof.

13. In an apparatus of ,the character ae, scribed,.a container having an inlet and an outletmeans for establishing a hot blast from the inlet to the outlet of said container', means Within said,container for lift- Y ing ore 4around said blast and dropping it thereby, lining on which the ore is dropped, ysaid container4 including means causmg said dropped ore to re-bound toward the center of said container and away from the inlet and outlet thereof'.

14. scribed, afirst andja second container each having an .inlet and an outlet, the first cone tainer outlet and the second container inlet `being held in closel juxtaposition but spaced apart to afford an air opening, means for establishingv a hot blast from the inlet to the outlet of said first container, mea-ns for turning said containers on an axis passing from the inlet to the outlet, and means Within the first container for crushing said ore and passing it through said hot blast to' be delivered by said blast into said second container.

15. In anl apparatus of the character described, a first and a second container each having an inlet and an outlet, the first container outlet and the second container inlet being held in close juxtaposition but spaced apart to afford an air opening, means for establishing a hot blast from the inlet to the outlet of said first container, means for turning said container on an axis passingfrom the inlet to the outlet, means within the `first container for crushing said ore and passing it through said hot blast to be delivered by said blast into saidsecrond container, and a solvent in. said second container 4into which said heated l and crushed ore is delivered. 4

16. In an apparatus of' the character described, a first and a second container each having an inlet and an outlet, the first container outlet and the second container inlet of said container,

u heated and dried sald container lncludlng a crusher` In an apparatus of the character defrom the inlet to the outlet, means within the first container for crushing said ore and passing it through said hot blast to be delivered by said blast into said second container, and neans for cooling said heated 10 and crushed ore as it lpasses from the irst v'to the second container to maintain a constant ltemperature in said second container below the temperature in said rstcontainer.

17. In an apparatus of the class described 1'5 a first container having an inlet and an oppositely disposed outlet-, means for establishing 'a hot blast'betweensaid inlet and said outlet t deliver the powdered and crushed contents of said container through the outlet of the ysaine,rmeans fobturning said container around an axis passingl from the -inlet to the outlet, and means within said container for lifting the contents there- .of above `said blast and dropping them through said blast to be heated thereby. 18. In an apparatus of the class described j i a first container having an inlet and an oppositely disposed outlet, means for estab.v lishing a hot blast .between said inlet andsaid outlet crushed contents of said container through the outlet lofthe same, means said container around'an axis passing from the inlet to the outlet, means within said'A l container Afor lifting the contents thereof above said :blast and dropping jthem through said blast to be'heated thereby, and a hardened lining for said' container onto which the contents of said retort are droppedv and tumbled to crush and pulverize said 40- conten'ts. l

ISAAGA. BRADDOCK.

Witnesses: y

DAviDE. ANTHONY,

u. WM. S. ARMSTRONG, Jr;l f f A Copies of this patent :nay be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing' the Commissioner of latents,- Washington, D. C.

...nM-M

to deliver the powdered and for turning 'f 

